Q: Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis?

$$\mathrm{CO_2$} + \mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy} \rightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + \mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$} + \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + \mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose, and why?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP, because 4 are produced but 2 are used during glucose activation

Question 3

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm and does NOT require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 4

In lactic acid fermentation, what is the primary purpose of converting pyruvate to lactate?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD$$^+ so $$glycolysis can continue

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is required for the complete breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Question 6

A yeast cell is placed in an anaerobic environment with abundant glucose. Which end products will accumulate?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol, CO$$_2$$, and NAD$$^+$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the Krebs cycle is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the mitochondria and generates NADH, FADH$$_2$$, ATP, and CO$$_2$$

Question 8

What is the role of the electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To use high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH$$_2 to $$pump H$$^+$$ and generate ATP

Question 9

Which of the following best describes chemiosmosis in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

The flow of H$$^+$$ ions down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase, producing ATP

Question 10

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of NAD$$^+. $$Which process would be directly and immediately affected?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for the complete aerobic breakdown of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Pyruvate oxidation → Krebs cycle → Electron Transport Chain

Question 12

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which of the following will occur?

Accepted Answer

The electron transport chain will stop, and fermentation will regenerate NAD$$^+$$

Question 13

Which of the following molecules is produced during both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle and is used to carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 14

Fatty acids can be used for ATP synthesis by being converted into which molecule that enters the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why only about 40% of the energy in glucose is harnessed as ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The rest is lost as heat during metabolic processes

Question 16

A person is exercising intensely and their muscle cells are not receiving enough oxygen. Which process will their muscle cells use to continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct result of the movement of H$$^+$$ ions through ATP synthase in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP from ADP and P$$_i$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the use of proteins for ATP synthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are deaminated and can enter glycolysis, be converted to pyruvate, or enter the Krebs cycle

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the fate of lactate produced in muscle cells during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

It is converted back to pyruvate in the liver when oxygen is available, costing ATP

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of O$$_2 in $$the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$ acts as the final electron acceptor, forming H$$_2O$$

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