Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are formed by linking together monomers through dehydration reactions.

Question 2

Which chemical reaction is responsible for breaking down polymers into their monomer subunits, and what is required for this reaction to occur?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis; addition of a water molecule

Question 3

Carbohydrates are ideal for energy storage due to the abundance of which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Carbon-hydrogen bonds

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose, but cows can?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzymes to hydrolyze beta glycosidic linkages, while cows rely on gut microbes that possess these enzymes.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a true polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 6

A triglyceride is formed by the joining of which components, and what type of bond is created?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol; ester linkage

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms and no double bonds; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds causing kinks.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Forming the structural basis of cell membranes through bilayer formation

Question 9

What is the main structural difference between starch and cellulose, and how does this affect their biological roles?

Accepted Answer

Starch has alpha glycosidic linkages, making it easily digestible; cellulose has beta linkages, making it rigid and suitable for structural support.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered more harmful than cis unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats have hydrogens on opposite sides of the double bond, making them more compact and linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk.

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in aqueous environments.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the formation of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by a dehydration reaction, resulting in a glycosidic linkage and the release of water.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have tightly packed straight chains, while unsaturated fats have kinks due to cis double bonds that prevent tight packing.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a precursor for steroid hormones and is a component of cell membranes.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It involves the removal of a water molecule to form a covalent bond between monomers.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the nutritional consequence of cellulose in the human diet?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose passes through the digestive tract as insoluble fiber, aiding in waste removal but not providing nutrients.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in the synthesis and breakdown of biological polymers?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes facilitate both dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis by bringing reactants together and lowering activation energy.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct comparison between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is unbranched, while amylopectin is somewhat branched.

Bio 100 LEC Chapter 5 Part 1 UPDATED

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