Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between catabolic and anabolic pathways in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules, and this energy is used to drive anabolic pathways that build complex molecules from simpler ones.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy for a biological reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 3

A reaction has $$\Delta G \u003c 0. $$Which of the following statements is TRUE about this reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is spontaneous and releases energy.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

A muscle contracting to move a limb.

Question 5

According to the second law of thermodynamics, what happens during every energy transformation in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is lost as heat, increasing the entropy of the universe.

Question 6

Why do living cells avoid reaching equilibrium in their metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

At equilibrium, no more work can be done and the cell would die.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP contains high-energy bonds that, when hydrolyzed, release energy that can be used to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 8

Which of the following scenarios describes an endergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water during photosynthesis.

Question 9

A cell is performing active transport, moving sodium ions from a low concentration to a high concentration. Which statement best describes the energy changes involved?

Accepted Answer

This process is endergonic and requires energy input, often from ATP hydrolysis.

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regeneration of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP is regenerated from ADP and inorganic phosphate using energy from catabolic (exergonic) reactions.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Each step in a metabolic pathway is catalyzed by a specific enzyme, allowing for regulation and control.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about entropy ($$S) is $$correct?

Accepted Answer

Entropy increases as a system becomes more disordered.

Question 13

A chemical reaction in a cell has $$\Delta G = 0. $$What does this indicate about the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is at equilibrium and can do no additional work.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-life example of an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why heat generated by cells cannot be used to do work?

Accepted Answer

The temperature difference within cells is too small to create a usable heat gradient.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a type of cellular work powered by ATP?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion of gases across membranes.

Question 17

Which component of ATP is primarily responsible for its ability to store and release energy?

Accepted Answer

The triphosphate group with its high-energy bonds.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about open and closed systems is correct in the context of biological organisms?

Accepted Answer

Biological organisms are open systems and constantly exchange energy and matter with their environment.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the fate of energy during a metabolic reaction in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is lost as heat, and some is used to do work.

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely increase the value of $$\Delta G$$ for a reaction, making it less likely to occur spontaneously?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the enthalpy ($$\Delta H) of $$the system.

Bio 100 LEC Chapter 8 Modules 1-3

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