Q: Which of the following reactions is exergonic?

Cellular respiration: $$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

An experiment in which all variables are kept constant except one, which is changed to test its effect.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

The attraction between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and the hydrogen atom of another water molecule.

Question 3

A solution is made by dissolving 18 grams of glucose (C$$_6H$_{12}O$_6$$; molar mass = 180 g/mol) in enough water to make 0.5 liters of solution. What is the molarity of the solution?

$$	ext{Molarity} = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}}$$

Accepted Answer

$$0.2 M$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why oil does not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Oil molecules are hydrophobic and do not form hydrogen bonds with water.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct example of a structural isomer?

Accepted Answer

Two molecules with the same molecular formula but different covalent arrangements of their atoms.

Question 6

Which level of protein structure is primarily stabilized by hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms, forming alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 7

Which cellular structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 8

Which of the following molecules would most easily pass through a cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 9

Which of the following reactions is exergonic?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration: $$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 10

Which statement best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules and releases energy; anabolism builds molecules and requires energy.

Question 11

During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 12

A diploid cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after division?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 13

In a cross between two heterozygous pea plants (Yy x Yy), what is the expected phenotypic ratio for yellow (Y) to green (y) seeds?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 14

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 15

What is the function of a codon during translation?

Accepted Answer

It specifies which amino acid will be added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the tryptophan operon in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It represses gene expression when tryptophan is present.

Question 17

Which of the following statements correctly compares the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viruses?

Accepted Answer

The lytic cycle results in the destruction of the host cell, while the lysogenic cycle integrates viral DNA into the host genome.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size?

Accepted Answer

As cells grow, their volume increases faster than their surface area, limiting efficient exchange of materials.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of receptor proteins in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

They bind signaling molecules and initiate a cellular response.

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