Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a property that distinguishes living things from non-living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to rust when exposed to oxygen

Question 2

Arrange the following levels of biological organization from smallest to largest: organ, cell, tissue, organ system.

Accepted Answer

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Question 3

Emergent properties are best described as:

Accepted Answer

Properties that arise when individual components interact to form a complex system

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of an emergent property in biology?

Accepted Answer

The ability of a heart to pump blood, which is not present in individual heart cells

Question 5

Reductionism in biology is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

Studying complex systems by breaking them down into their simpler components

Question 6

Which of the following statements correctly compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have one

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Protista

Question 8

According to the theory of natural selection, which of the following is NOT a requirement for evolution to occur?

Accepted Answer

All individuals in a population must be genetically identical

Question 9

A veterinarian prescribes an antibiotic for a cat's bacterial infection. After initial improvement, the infection returns and is resistant to the antibiotic. Which biological process best explains this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection favored bacteria with resistance genes, allowing them to survive and reproduce

Question 10

Which of the following best describes what a phylogenetic tree shows?

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary relationships among different species

Question 11

In a phylogenetic tree, what does a node (closed circle) represent?

Accepted Answer

A common ancestor shared by descendant lineages

Question 12

Which of the following is a misconception about evolution?

Accepted Answer

Individuals evolve during their lifetimes

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why cats and bacteria are classified in the same domain?

Accepted Answer

They both have cells with DNA as genetic material

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct hierarchical order of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of applying systems biology?

Accepted Answer

Modeling how multiple genes and proteins interact to regulate cell division

Question 16

Which of the following statements about descent with modification is correct?

Accepted Answer

It explains how species change over time and share common ancestry

Question 17

A biologist is using a phylogenetic tree to determine the most effective antibiotic for a bacterial infection. Which approach is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Identify the closest relatives of the infecting bacteria to predict antibiotic susceptibility

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic, while Eukarya includes all eukaryotic organisms

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the arrow at the base of a phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

It represents the passage of time from the past to the present

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria with mutations that confer resistance survive and reproduce in the presence of antibiotics

Evolution and the Themes of Biology: Study Guide

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