Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the properties of life?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall

Question 2

According to cell theory, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly lists the hierarchy of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic organism?

Accepted Answer

Bacterium

Question 5

Which statement best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They lack cellular structure and cannot carry out metabolism on their own.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a photoautotroph?

Accepted Answer

Uses light as an energy source and CO$$_2 as a $$carbon source

Question 7

A scientist observes a new organism that can switch between photosynthesis and consuming organic material depending on environmental conditions. This organism is best described as a:

Accepted Answer

Mixotroph

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a morphological adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Thick fur in arctic foxes

Question 11

Why do you acclimate to high altitude rather than adapt to it?

Accepted Answer

Acclimation is a short-term physiological response within an individual's lifetime.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A change in allele frequencies due to random events

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct format for writing a scientific name using binomial nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

Homo sapiens

Question 14

Which evolutionary mechanism introduces new genetic variation into a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 15

On a phylogenetic tree, what does a node represent?

Accepted Answer

A common ancestor

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the influenza virus requires annual vaccination, while the measles virus does not?

Accepted Answer

Influenza mutates rapidly, leading to new strains each year.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a monophyletic group?

Accepted Answer

A group containing all mammals and their most recent common ancestor

Question 18

Which of the following best describes an emergent property?

Accepted Answer

A property that arises from the interaction of system components

Question 19

Which scenario best illustrates convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

Wings in bats and wings in birds

Question 20

A population of beetles contains both green and brown individuals. After a flood, only a few brown beetles survive by chance. Which evolutionary mechanism is most likely responsible for the change in allele frequency?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Foundations of Life, Viruses, and Evolution: Study Notes

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