Question 1

Which of the following best describes an emergent property in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A property that arises only when individual components interact at a higher level of organization.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven properties of life as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall synthesis

Question 3

A molecule of water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) is $$able to dissolve table salt ($$\mathrm{NaCl}) $$because:

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar and can surround charged ions, stabilizing them in solution.

Question 4

Which type of chemical bond is responsible for the partial positive and negative charges in a water molecule?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 5

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis builds polymers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks polymers by adding water.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct match between a polysaccharide and its biological function?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose – structural molecule in plant cell walls

Question 7

A protein’s secondary structure is primarily stabilized by which type of interaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms

Question 8

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and specialized organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and sorting proteins for secretion in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 10

A mutation causes a protein to have a nonpolar R group replaced with a polar R group. What is the most likely effect on the protein’s interaction with water?

Accepted Answer

The protein will become more hydrophilic and interact more with water.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why cows can digest cellulose but humans cannot?

Accepted Answer

Cows have a modified digestive system containing microorganisms that produce cellulase enzymes.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of a monomer and a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A monomer is a single subunit; a polymer is a chain of many monomers.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Generating ATP through cellular respiration

Question 14

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds form between partial positive and partial negative charges on molecules such as water.

Question 15

Which process is required for the breakdown of polymers into monomers in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis, which uses water and hydrolytic enzymes

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct match between a protein structure and its description?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure – sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a protein’s secondary structure?

Accepted Answer

Spider silk, which is made entirely of beta pleated sheets

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the cell membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a lipid bilayer that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a functional group in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

A group of atoms that makes hydrocarbons more versatile, such as $$\mathrm{OH}$$, $$\mathrm{COOH}$$, $$\mathrm{CH_2$}$$, $$\mathrm{NH_2$}$$

General Biology 101: Foundations of Life, Macromolecules, and Cell Structure

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