Question 1

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis in the context of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A tentative explanation that can be tested by experiments or observations.

Question 2

A scientist wants to test whether a new fertilizer increases plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. What is the control group in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The group that does not receive the fertilizer.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a property of life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to remain unchanged over time

Question 4

An atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic number and what is its charge?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 6, Charge: 0

Question 5

How many electrons must be in the valence shell of an atom for it to be most stable?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with an uneven distribution of charge, resulting in positive and negative poles.

Question 7

Which statement correctly describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

Question 8

Which of the following is a buffer and what is its function in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A buffer is a substance that maintains a stable pH by neutralizing acids and bases.

Question 9

If the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in a $$solution is $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M, what is the pH of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water because hydrogen bonds hold water molecules further apart in the solid state.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

Joining two monomers to form a polymer by removing a water molecule.

Question 12

Which type of organic molecule is hydrophobic and typically found in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 13

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 14

Which of the following is the monomer of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 15

Which DNA nucleotide pairs with cytosine in the double helix?

Accepted Answer

Guanine

Question 16

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes DNA from RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double stranded, while RNA is single stranded.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes an isomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements.

Question 18

A solution has a pH of $$2. $$Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of $$[H^+].$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the law of conservation of matter in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.

Question 20

Which of the following is a trace element essential for human health?

Accepted Answer

Iron

General Biology: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, and Biological Molecules

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