Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of selective pressure in evolution?

Accepted Answer

It favors the survival and reproduction of organisms with advantageous traits.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain protein is only produced when a specific gene is active. Which concept does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Central Dogma

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a domain of life?

Accepted Answer

Virus

Question 4

Which of the following statements about water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules form hydrogen bonds, leading to high cohesion.

Question 5

A buffer solution resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. Which equation best represents the dissociation of a weak acid in water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{HA} \rightarrow \mathrm{H}^+ + \mathrm{A}^-$$

Question 6

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl ($$-\mathrm{COOH})$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water because its hydrogen bonds form a lattice structure.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are polymers made of amino acid monomers.

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, a disease caused by a single amino acid change in hemoglobin. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A change in protein folding due to a primary structure mutation

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between cis- and trans- isomers?

Accepted Answer

Cis-isomers have functional groups on the same side of a double bond; trans-isomers have them on opposite sides.

Question 11

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate: monosaccharide

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of phospholipids that is critical for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

They are amphipathic, having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The folding of polypeptide chains into alpha-helices and beta-sheets.

Question 14

Which of the following base pairs is stabilized by three hydrogen bonds in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine-Guanine ($$\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{G})$$

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA in humans?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double helix with antiparallel strands.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable.

Question 17

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[\mathrm{H}^+]) in $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[\mathrm{H}^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of deductive reasoning in biology?

Accepted Answer

Predicting that a specific enzyme will function in a new organism because it functions in all known organisms.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about enantiomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images.

Question 20

Which of the following processes adds water to break polymers into monomers?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

General Biology: Foundations, Chemistry, Water, Carbon, and Macromolecules

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