Q: According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct flow of genetic information?

$$ \text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein} $$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a property that distinguishes living things from non-living matter?

Accepted Answer

Ability to absorb light without performing photosynthesis

Question 2

Which domain of life includes organisms that are prokaryotic, unicellular, and have cell walls with peptidoglycan?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which of the following characteristics is shared by both Bacteria and Archaea, but NOT Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

Lack of a nucleus

Question 4

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism living in extremely salty conditions. Its cell wall does NOT contain peptidoglycan. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the biological hierarchy from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atom → Molecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere

Question 6

Emergent properties are important in biology because:

Accepted Answer

They are new functions that appear at higher levels of organization and are not present at lower levels

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an emergent property?

Accepted Answer

Consciousness arising from billions of connected neurons

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the five unifying themes in biology?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 9

Darwin’s concept of 'descent with modification' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Species gradually changing from ancestral species, with modifications that improve survival and reproduction

Question 10

Which scenario best illustrates natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics after exposure to drugs

Question 11

Artificial selection differs from natural selection in that:

Accepted Answer

Artificial selection involves humans choosing which individuals reproduce based on desirable traits

Question 12

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct flow of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein} $$

Question 13

Which of the following factors can influence gene expression in a cell?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 14

In an ecosystem, which group of organisms is primarily responsible for recycling nutrients back into the environment?

Accepted Answer

Decomposers (fungi, bacteria)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A testable, falsifiable explanation for an observation

Question 16

A scientist wants to test the effect of sunlight on plant growth. She sets up an experiment where she varies the amount of sunlight each plant receives. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Amount of sunlight

Question 17

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes a theory from a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A theory is supported by many experiments and observations, while a hypothesis is a narrow, testable statement

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of how science is collaborative?

Accepted Answer

Teams of scientists sharing data, such as in the Human Genome Project

Question 19

Which element is most critical for forming stable covalent bonds in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the main elements in the human body are important?

Accepted Answer

They are the only elements found in all living things

General Biology: Foundations, Scientific Method, and Chemistry of Life

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