Question 1

Which of the following best explains why Mendel chose pea plants for his inheritance experiments?

Accepted Answer

Pea plants have a short generation time and produce many offspring, allowing for statistical analysis.

Question 2

In Mendel’s experiments, what does the F2 generation refer to?

Accepted Answer

The offspring of the F1 generation crossed with each other.

Question 3

Which of the following statements best describes the Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete receives only one allele for each gene because allele pairs separate during meiosis.

Question 4

A plant with genotype $$Tt is $$crossed with another $$Tt$$ plant. What is the probability that an offspring will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a polygenic trait?

Accepted Answer

Human skin color

Question 6

If a person with genotype $$Aa$$ mates with a person with genotype $$aa$$, what is the probability their child will be heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

The heterozygote expresses a phenotype intermediate between the two homozygotes.

Question 8

A testcross is used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. Which genotype is used in the testcross?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous recessive

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the Principle of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

The inheritance of seed color does not affect the inheritance of seed shape in pea plants.

Question 10

A couple has a child with cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disorder. Neither parent has the disorder. What are the genotypes of the parents?

Accepted Answer

Both are heterozygous carriers.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with blood type AB expresses both A and B antigens.

Question 12

If two individuals with genotype $$AaBb$$ are crossed, what is the probability of producing an offspring with genotype $$aabb$$? (Assume independent assortment.)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 13

Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by a dominant allele?

Accepted Answer

Huntington’s disease

Question 14

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 15

Which procedure can detect chromosomal abnormalities as early as the 8th week of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Chorionic villus sampling

Question 16

A woman is a carrier for an autosomal recessive disorder and her partner is also a carrier. What is the probability that their child will be unaffected (either carrier or not)?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{4}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the chromosome theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes, which segregate and independently assort during meiosis.

Question 18

A genetic counselor is analyzing a pedigree for a rare disorder. The disorder skips generations and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely inheritance pattern?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Question 19

Which of the following is a risk associated with amniocentesis?

Accepted Answer

1% risk of bleeding, miscarriage, or premature birth

Question 20

A dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants ($$RrYy 	imes RrYy) $$produces what phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Genetics: Patterns of Inheritance – Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Genetics

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