Question 1

Which of the following best explains how meiosis contributes to genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Through the processes of crossing-over and independent assortment during meiosis

Question 2

A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. After meiosis II is completed in a male, how many chromosomes does each resulting cell contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 3

During which phase of meiosis does crossing-over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it increases genetic recombination by exchanging alleles between homologous chromosomes

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios describes independent assortment during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Maternal and paternal chromosomes line up randomly at the metaphase plate during metaphase I

Question 5

A woman is a carrier for a chromosomal deletion on chromosome 5. During meiosis, what event could lead to her child inheriting this deletion?

Accepted Answer

Improper crossing-over resulting in a deletion during prophase I

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference in gamete production between human males and females?

Accepted Answer

Females produce one egg per meiosis due to uneven cytokinesis, while males produce four sperm

Question 7

Which chromosomal abnormality is caused by nondisjunction and results in an individual having three copies of chromosome 21?

Accepted Answer

Down Syndrome

Question 8

If a sperm cell contains both an X and a Y chromosome due to nondisjunction, and fertilizes a normal egg, what is a possible chromosomal outcome in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

XXY (Klinefelter Syndrome)

Question 9

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles

Question 10

A karyotype of a patient reveals 47 chromosomes, including an extra chromosome 18. Which condition does this patient most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Edwards Syndrome

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why offspring from the same parents can look different from each other?

Accepted Answer

Crossing-over and independent assortment during meiosis create unique combinations of alleles

Question 12

Which of the following chromosomal errors involves a segment of one chromosome attaching to a non-homologous chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Translocation

Question 13

If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II in oogenesis, which of the following is a possible chromosomal composition of the resulting egg?

Accepted Answer

Two copies of the same chromosome

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the sex chromosomes in human somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

Females have two homologous X chromosomes, while males have one X and one non-homologous Y chromosome

Question 15

A geneticist observes that a child has a duplication of a segment on chromosome 15. This error most likely occurred during which meiotic process?

Accepted Answer

Unequal crossing-over during prophase I

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the outcome of meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Four haploid cells are produced, each with one set of chromosomes

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct result of fertilization in humans?

Accepted Answer

The diploid number ($$2n) is $$restored

Question 18

A male with an extra Y chromosome (XYY) is an example of which type of chromosomal abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Sex chromosome aneuploidy

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome, while homologous chromosomes are similar but not identical and come from each parent

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why only one egg is produced during oogenesis, while four sperm are produced during spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis involves uneven cytokinesis, resulting in one large egg and polar bodies that degenerate

Meiosis and Large Chromosomal Errors: Study Notes

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