Question 1

Which of the following best describes incomplete dominance in a genetic cross between a red-flowered plant (RR) and a white-flowered plant (WW)?

Accepted Answer

All offspring will have pink flowers, as neither allele is completely dominant.

Question 2

A person with type AB blood demonstrates which pattern of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Codominance

Question 3

Which of the following scenarios is an example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affects both the color of a mouse's fur and the shape of its tail.

Question 4

In Labrador retrievers, one gene determines whether pigment is produced (B = black, b = brown), and another gene (E/e) determines whether pigment is deposited in the fur. If a dog has genotype bbEe, what color will it be?

Accepted Answer

Brown

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why linked genes do not always stay together during inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during meiosis can separate linked genes.

Question 6

A woman who is a carrier for hemophilia (an X-linked recessive disorder) and a man without hemophilia have a son. What is the probability that their son will have hemophilia? Use a Punnett square to justify your answer.

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Human skin color, which is determined by several genes.

Question 8

If a gene exhibits codominance, what would be the expected phenotype of a heterozygote?

Accepted Answer

Both parental traits are fully and separately expressed

Question 9

Which of the following best describes epistasis?

Accepted Answer

One gene masks or modifies the expression of another gene.

Question 10

A cross between two heterozygous snapdragons (Rr) results in the following offspring: 1 red (RR), 2 pink (Rr), and 1 white (rr). What type of inheritance is this?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 11

Which of the following statements about X-linked inheritance is correct?

Accepted Answer

Males are more likely to express X-linked recessive traits because they have only one X chromosome.

Question 12

If two genes are located close together on the same chromosome, which of the following is most likely?

Accepted Answer

They will be inherited together more often than not.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a real-world case of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

The gene responsible for sickle cell anemia also affects resistance to malaria.

Question 14

A dihybrid cross between two heterozygotes (AaBb x AaBb) produces a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio. What does this ratio indicate about the genes involved?

Accepted Answer

The genes assort independently and are not linked.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of crossing over on gene linkage?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over increases genetic variation by separating linked genes.

Question 16

A woman with genotype $$X^N X^n ($$where $$X^N is $$normal vision and $$X^n is $$colorblindness) marries a man with normal vision ($$X^N Y). $$What is the probability that their daughter will be colorblind?

Accepted Answer

$$0$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

ABO blood type

Question 18

In a certain flower, the allele for red petals (R) is incompletely dominant to the allele for white petals (r). If a red-flowered plant is crossed with a pink-flowered plant, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1 red : 1 pink

Question 19

Which of the following best illustrates epistasis in a real-world scenario?

Accepted Answer

In mice, one gene determines pigment color, but another gene can prevent pigment from being deposited, resulting in albino mice regardless of the first gene.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about codominance is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote.

Non-Mendelian Genetics: Patterns of Inheritance Beyond Mendel

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