Question 1

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of photosynthesis in plants?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO}_2 + \mathrm{Water} + \mathrm{Sun\ energy} \rightarrow \mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 2

During cellular respiration, which of the following is the correct chemical equation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{CO}_2 + \mathrm{Water}$$

Question 3

If a caterpillar consumes 200J of energy, loses 67J to cellular respiration, and 100J is lost as waste, how much energy is available for growth and biomass?

Accepted Answer

33J

Question 4

What percentage of energy is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

10%

Question 5

Which trophic level has the greatest total dry mass in an ecological pyramid?

Accepted Answer

Primary producers

Question 6

Why do ecological pyramids typically show a sharp decrease in biomass from primary producers to primary consumers?

Accepted Answer

Most energy is lost as heat and waste at each trophic level

Question 7

Which ecosystem type generally has the highest Net Primary Production (NPP)?

Accepted Answer

Coral reefs and tropical rainforests

Question 8

Net Primary Production (NPP) is calculated by which formula?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NPP} = \mathrm{GPP} - \mathrm{energy\ used\ for\ CR}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

They recycle nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter

Question 10

If the production efficiency of an organism is calculated as $$\frac{	ext{biomass}}{	ext{assimilated energy}}$$, what does a low value indicate?

Accepted Answer

Most assimilated energy is lost as heat or used for respiration

Question 11

Which of the following statements about Gross Primary Production (GPP) is correct?

Accepted Answer

GPP is the total amount of photosynthesis and glucose made in an ecosystem

Question 12

A pyramid of energy shows that only 10% of energy is transferred to the next trophic level. If a primary producer has 10,000 kcal, how much energy would be available to secondary consumers?

Accepted Answer

100 kcal

Question 13

Which factor most strongly influences the structure and productivity of an ecosystem according to ecological pyramid models?

Accepted Answer

The biomass of primary producers

Question 14

If an ecosystem has a high NPP, what does this suggest about its primary producers?

Accepted Answer

They convert a large portion of GPP into new biomass

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a reason why only a small fraction of energy is transferred between trophic levels?

Accepted Answer

All energy is efficiently converted to biomass

Question 16

In a food chain, which organism would have the lowest dry mass according to the pyramid of biomass?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary consumers

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why open ocean has low NPP despite its vast area?

Accepted Answer

It has few primary producers per unit area

Question 18

If a primary producer assimilates 500J of energy and produces 50J of new biomass, what is its production efficiency?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{50}{500} = 0.1 or 10$$%

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct result of cellular respiration in organisms?

Accepted Answer

Release of $$\mathrm{CO}_2$$ and water

Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Energy Flow in Ecosystems

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