Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not made of repeating monomer units.

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is crucial in the synthesis of macromolecules. Which of the following best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is removed to form a new bond between monomers.

Question 3

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide found in animals, and where is it primarily stored?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; stored in liver and muscle cells

Question 4

Which type of bond forms between two monosaccharides during the synthesis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 5

Why can't humans digest cellulose, even though it is a polymer of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack enzymes to hydrolyze the $$\beta$$ glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

Two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Which dietary component is most likely to contribute to plaque formation in their arteries?

Accepted Answer

A diet high in saturated fats

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure involves hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms.

Question 9

What is the main function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 10

A single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of hemoglobin leads to sickle-cell disease. This is an example of how:

Accepted Answer

A change in primary structure can alter protein function.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered more harmful than saturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats are produced by hydrogenating unsaturated fats, creating trans double bonds that increase cardiovascular risk.

Question 12

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is composed of $$\alpha$$ glucose monomers, while cellulose is composed of $$\beta$$ glucose monomers.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the denaturation of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation can sometimes be reversed if the denaturing agent is removed.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of adipose tissue in mammals?

Accepted Answer

It stores long-term energy, cushions organs, and insulates the body.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct molecular formula for glucose, the most common monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 17

Which of the following interactions is NOT involved in stabilizing the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bonds

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water while their hydrophilic heads interact with water.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain membrane fluidity.

Question 20

A scientist is studying a molecule with the following properties: it is a polymer, composed of amino acid monomers, and has a unique three-dimensional structure. Which type of macromolecule is the scientist most likely studying?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Structure and Function of Macromolecules: Study Notes for BIO 1111

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