Question 1

Which property of carbon allows it to form a wide diversity of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 2

What is the bond angle in a tetrahedral molecule formed by carbon?

Accepted Answer

$$109.5^\circ$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a structural isomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms

Question 4

Which functional group is found in alcohols and is polar?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-OH)$$

Question 5

A molecule with the formula $$C_2H_6O$$ can exist as either ethanol or dimethyl ether. What type of isomerism does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Structural isomerism

Question 6

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 7

Which statement about cis-trans isomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

They differ in the arrangement of atoms around a double bond

Question 8

Which functional group is found in nucleic acids and is weakly acidic?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$-PO_4$)

Question 9

Enantiomers are important in biology because:

Accepted Answer

They are mirror images and can have drastically different biological activities

Question 10

Which of the following is a nonpolar functional group commonly found in lipids?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group ($$-CH_3$)

Question 11

A carbon atom in methane ($$CH_4) $$forms how many covalent bonds, and what is the geometry of the molecule?

Accepted Answer

Four covalent bonds; tetrahedral geometry

Question 12

Which functional group is essential for the formation of disulfide bridges in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($$-SH)$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about carbon-carbon double bonds is true?

Accepted Answer

They restrict rotation, leading to cis-trans isomerism

Question 14

Which functional group is polar and commonly found in sugars and ketones?

Accepted Answer

Carbonyl group ($$\u003eC=O)$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why functional groups are important in organic chemistry?

Accepted Answer

They determine the physical and chemical properties of organic molecules

Question 16

A molecule contains a $$-NH_2$ group. What property does this functional group impart?

Accepted Answer

It makes the molecule weakly basic

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a cis-trans isomer pair?

Accepted Answer

cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene

Question 18

Which functional group is found in phospholipids and nucleic acids, and is weakly acidic?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$-PO_4$)

Question 19

Which of the following statements about stereoisomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have the same connectivity but differ in spatial arrangement

Question 20

A molecule with a $$-SH$$ group is most likely to participate in which type of chemical interaction?

Accepted Answer

Formation of disulfide bridges

The Chemistry of Carbon and Functional Groups in Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions