Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why cellulose is difficult for humans to digest?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is composed of glucose monomers joined by $$\beta-$$glycosidic linkages, and humans lack the enzyme to hydrolyze these bonds.

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is crucial in the synthesis of biological polymers. Which of the following best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is removed to form a covalent bond between two monomers.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Triglyceride

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that results in a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein. What level of protein structure is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid — Nucleotide

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of defensive proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Inactivating and destroying viruses and bacteria

Question 8

What type of bond links two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 9

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The folding or coiling of the polypeptide into repeating configurations due to hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms

Question 11

A scientist is studying the effect of temperature on protein structure. Which phenomenon is most likely to occur if the temperature is raised significantly?

Accepted Answer

The protein will denature, losing its native conformation and biological activity.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the directionality of DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', and the other runs 3' to 5', making them antiparallel.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the role of chaperonins in protein folding?

Accepted Answer

Chaperonins provide a sheltered environment for polypeptides to fold properly, preventing misfolding.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of consuming trans fats created by hydrogenating vegetable oils?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats contribute more to atherosclerosis than saturated fats.

Question 16

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide found in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 17

A researcher isolates a molecule with a backbone of sugar and phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases as the interior. What type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is added to break a covalent bond in a polymer.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of structural proteins?

Accepted Answer

Providing support and shape to cells and tissues

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why molecular comparisons of DNA and proteins are useful in evolutionary biology?

Accepted Answer

They help biologists sort out evolutionary connections among species by comparing genetic sequences.

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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