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Ch. 38 Conservation Biology
Taylor - Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections 10th Edition
Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan10th EditionCampbell Biology: Concepts & ConnectionsISBN: 9780136538783Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 38, Problem 16

Will increasing atmospheric levels of CO₂ make you sneeze as well as itch?
Scientists studying the effects of rising CO₂ levels have looked at ragweed, whose pollen is the primary allergen for fall hay fever. They grew ragweed in three levels of CO₂: a pre-industrial concentration of 280 ppm, a year 2000 level of 370 ppm, and a projected level of 600 ppm. They found that pollen production increased by 131% and 320% in the plants exposed to the recent and projected CO₂ levels, respectively.
What was the hypothesis of this experiment?
Do the results support the hypothesis?
Given what you know about climate change, what other variables would you like to test, and what other measurements would you like to take?

Verified step by step guidance
1
Step 1: Understand the context of the experiment. The researchers are investigating the relationship between rising atmospheric CO2 levels and ragweed pollen production. The hypothesis likely relates to whether increased CO2 levels stimulate greater pollen production in ragweed plants.
Step 2: Identify the hypothesis. Based on the experiment, the hypothesis could be stated as: 'Increasing atmospheric CO2 levels will lead to an increase in ragweed pollen production.' This is a testable prediction that the researchers are examining.
Step 3: Analyze the results to determine if they support the hypothesis. The data shows that pollen production increased by 131% at 370 ppm CO2 and by 320% at 600 ppm CO2 compared to pre-industrial levels (280 ppm). This supports the hypothesis, as the results indicate a clear correlation between higher CO2 levels and increased pollen production.
Step 4: Consider additional variables to test. Given the broader context of climate change, other variables to test could include temperature, humidity, soil nutrient levels, and the interaction of CO2 with other greenhouse gases. These factors could also influence plant growth and pollen production.
Step 5: Suggest additional measurements to take. To gain a more comprehensive understanding, researchers could measure the allergenicity of the pollen (how potent it is in causing allergic reactions), the growth rate of ragweed plants, and the geographic spread of ragweed under different CO2 and climate conditions. This would provide insights into the broader ecological and health impacts of rising CO2 levels.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hypothesis Formation

A hypothesis is a testable statement that predicts the relationship between variables. In this context, the hypothesis likely posits that increased CO2 levels will lead to higher pollen production from ragweed, potentially exacerbating allergy symptoms. Understanding how to formulate and evaluate hypotheses is crucial for scientific inquiry and experimentation.
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Impact of CO2 on Plant Growth

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a critical component of photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Higher atmospheric CO2 levels can enhance plant growth and increase biomass, which may lead to greater pollen production. This concept is essential for understanding the ecological implications of climate change on allergenic plants like ragweed.
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Variables in Scientific Experiments

In scientific experiments, variables are factors that can change and affect the outcome of the study. Independent variables are manipulated (e.g., CO2 levels), while dependent variables are measured (e.g., pollen production). Identifying and controlling for other variables, such as temperature, humidity, and soil nutrients, is vital for accurately interpreting results and understanding the broader impacts of climate change.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

What are the causes and possible consequences of climate change?

Why is international cooperation necessary if we are to solve this problem?

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Textbook Question

The human-generated increase in greenhouse gases (see Module 38.3) provides many opportunities to study the effects of climate change. For example, snowshoe hares are adapted to the climate of their habitat in the taiga of the high mountains and northern regions of North America. One adaptation is seasonal changes in fur color—a white winter coat that turns brown in the spring—that camouflage hares from a long list of predators. These color changes are triggered by day length. As increasing spring temperatures cause earlier snowmelt in the taiga, biologists have observed many white hares sitting on brown earth. Suggest how this natural experiment could be used to investigate the effects of climate change on populations and communities in the taiga ecosystem (assume historical data are available).

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Textbook Question

Researchers studied active and abandoned pika colonies at two sites (one in southeast Oregon and one in northwest Nevada) to understand how elevation might influence pika range (see Module 38.0 and Module 38.11). Sites were classified as old (no longer occupied) or current. How would you summarize the findings?

Does this study support the hypothesis that pika ranges are shifting to higher elevations due to climate change?

What are some limitations to describing patterns in nature as compared to doing a controlled experiment?

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