Textbook Question
Complete this concept map to summarize the key concepts concerning the body's defenses.
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Ch. 24 The Immune System
Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan10th EditionCampbell Biology: Concepts & ConnectionsISBN: 9780136538783
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Biology: The Study of Scientific Life19
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Basis of Life17
- Ch. 3 The Molecules of Cells21
- Ch. 4 A Tour of the Cell20
- Ch. 5 The Working Cell17
- Ch. 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy18
- Ch. 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food15
- Ch. 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance22
- Ch. 9 Patterns of Inheritance17
- Ch. 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene13
- Ch. 11 How Genes Are Controlled13
- Ch. 12 DNA Technology and Genomics23
- Ch. 13 How Populations Evolve17
- Ch. 14 The Origin of Species19
- Ch. 15 Tracing Evolutionary History18
- Ch. 16 Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists16
- Ch. 17 The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity15
- Ch. 18 The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity13
- Ch. 19 The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity18
- Ch. 20 Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function11
- Ch. 21 Nutrition and Digestion16
- Ch. 22 Gas Exchange16
- Ch. 23 Circulation17
- Ch. 24 The Immune System16
- Ch. 25 Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance20
- Ch. 26 Hormones and the Endocrine System10
- Ch. 27 Reproduction and Embryonic Development12
- Ch. 28 Nervous Systems10
- Ch. 29 The Senses12
- Ch. 30 How Animals Move19
- Ch. 31 Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction9
- Ch. 32 Plant Nutrition and Transport12
- Ch. 33 Control Systems in Plants15
- Ch. 34 The Biosphere: An Introduction to Earth's Diverse Environments15
- Ch. 35 Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment12
- Ch. 36 Population Ecology15
- Ch. 37 Communities and Ecosystems14
- Ch. 38 Conservation Biology14
Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan10th EditionCampbell Biology: Concepts & ConnectionsISBN: 9780136538783Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 24, Problem 2
Foreign molecules that elicit an immune response are called
a. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
b. Antibodies.
c. Histamines.
d. Antigens.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the question: The problem is asking for the term used to describe foreign molecules that trigger an immune response. This requires knowledge of the immune system and its components.
Review the definitions of the options provided: a) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are proteins on cell surfaces that help the immune system recognize self from non-self. b) Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells that bind to specific antigens. c) Histamines are chemicals released by immune cells during allergic reactions or inflammation. d) Antigens are foreign molecules that provoke an immune response.
Identify the correct term: Based on the definitions, the term that describes foreign molecules that elicit an immune response is 'antigens.'
Eliminate incorrect options: MHC molecules are involved in presenting antigens to immune cells but are not foreign molecules themselves. Antibodies are part of the immune response but are not the foreign molecules. Histamines are involved in inflammation, not in directly eliciting an immune response to foreign molecules.
Conclude: The correct answer is d) antigens, as they are the foreign molecules that trigger the immune system to respond.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Antigens
Antigens are foreign molecules, often proteins or polysaccharides, that trigger an immune response when detected by the body. They can originate from pathogens like bacteria and viruses, or from non-infectious sources such as pollen or transplanted tissues. The immune system recognizes these molecules as non-self, leading to the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies.
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Antigen Receptors
Immune Response
The immune response is the body's defense mechanism against foreign invaders, including pathogens and antigens. It involves the recognition of antigens by immune cells, which then activate various pathways to eliminate the threat. This response can be innate (immediate and non-specific) or adaptive (specific and slower, involving memory cells for future protection).
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Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that play a crucial role in the immune system's ability to recognize foreign substances. MHC molecules present peptide fragments from proteins, including antigens, to T cells, facilitating the activation of the adaptive immune response. There are two main classes of MHC molecules: Class I, which presents to CD8+ T cells, and Class II, which presents to CD4+ T cells.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following is not part of the vertebrate innate immunity defense?
a. Macrophages
b. Antibodies
c. Complement system
d. Inflammation
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Textbook Question
Which of the following best describes the difference in the way B cells and cytotoxic T cells deal with invaders?
a. B cells confer active immunity; T cells confer passive immunity.
b. B cells send out antibodies to attack; certain T cells can do the attacking themselves.
c. T cells handle the primary immune response; B cells handle the secondary response.
d. B cells are responsible for the cell-mediated immune response; T cells are responsible for the humoral immune response.
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Textbook Question
Cytotoxic T cells are able to recognize infected body cells because
a. The infected cells display foreign antigens.
b. The infected cells produce antigens.
c. Infected cells release antibodies into the blood.
d. Helper T cells destroy them first.
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