Ch. 31 Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Taylor - Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections 10th Edition

Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan10th EditionCampbell Biology: Concepts & ConnectionsISBN: 9780136538783Not the one you use?Change textbook

Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan 10th Edition

Ch. 31 Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Problem 11

Chapter 31, Problem 11

How does a fruit develop from a flower?

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of a flower: A typical flower consists of male parts (stamens) and female parts (carpels or pistils). The stamens produce pollen, while the carpels contain the ovary, which houses the ovules.

Pollination process: Pollination occurs when pollen from the stamens is transferred to the stigma of a carpel, either from the same flower or a different one. This can happen through various agents like wind, water, or animals, particularly insects.

Fertilization: After pollination, a pollen tube grows from the pollen grain, through the style, and into the ovary. The sperm cells travel down this tube and fertilize the ovules inside the ovary.

Development of the fruit: Post-fertilization, the fertilized ovules develop into seeds. Simultaneously, the ovary begins to grow and transforms into a fruit. The fruit's structure and type depend on the flower and serve primarily to protect the seeds and aid in their dispersal.

Maturation and seed dispersal: The fruit matures and eventually disperses the seeds, completing the plant's reproductive cycle. Seed dispersal mechanisms vary widely among plants and can include factors like being eaten by animals, floating on water, or being blown by the wind.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Pollination

Pollination is the process by which pollen from the male anthers of a flower is transferred to the female stigma. This can occur through various agents such as wind, water, or animals, particularly insects. Successful pollination is crucial for fertilization, which leads to the development of seeds and ultimately fruit.

Fertilization

Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell from the pollen grain fuses with an ovule in the ovary of the flower. This union results in the formation of a zygote, which will develop into a seed. The fertilization process is essential for the genetic combination of the parent plants and the subsequent development of fruit.

Fruit Development

Fruit development begins after fertilization, where the ovary of the flower matures into a fruit. This process involves the growth of the ovary wall and the formation of seeds within. Fruits serve to protect the seeds and aid in their dispersal, ensuring the continuation of the plant species.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Match questions 3–8 with options a–f.

3. Attracts pollinator

4. Develops into seed

5. Protects flower before it opens

6. Produces sperm

7. Produces pollen

8. Houses ovules

a. Pollen grain

b. Ovule

c. Anther

d. Ovary

e. Sepal

f. Petal

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Textbook Question

Place these tissues in order, starting at the center of a woody stem. (Hint: Review Figure 31.8A.).

a. Vascular cambium

b. Primary phloem

c. Epidermis

d. Primary xylem

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Textbook Question

While walking in the woods, you encounter an unfamiliar nonwoody flowering plant. If you want to know whether it is a monocot or eudicot, it would not help to look at the

a. Number of seed leaves, or cotyledons, present in its seeds

b. Shape of its root system

c. Arrangement of vascular bundles in its stem

d. Size of the plant

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Textbook Question

What part of a plant are you eating when you consume each of the following?

Celery stalk

Peanut

Strawberry

Lettuce

Beet?

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Textbook Question

Name two kinds of asexual reproduction among plants. Explain two advantages of asexual reproduction over sexual reproduction.

What is the primary drawback of asexual reproduction?

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Textbook Question

In Module 31.1, several lines of investigation are used to investigate the time and location of the domestication of important crops. Which line of evidence do you consider the most reliable? Why?

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