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Ch. 27 Reproduction and Embryonic Development
Taylor - Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections 10th Edition
Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan10th EditionCampbell Biology: Concepts & ConnectionsISBN: 9780136538783Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksTaylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan 10th EditionCh. 27 Reproduction and Embryonic DevelopmentProblem 10
Chapter 27, Problem 10

After a sperm penetrates an egg, it is important that the vitelline layer separate from the egg so that it can
a. Secrete important hormones.
b. Enable the fertilized egg to implant in the uterus.
c. Prevent more than one sperm from entering the egg.
d. Attract additional sperm to the egg.

Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand the biological process of fertilization: When a sperm penetrates an egg, it triggers a series of events to ensure proper development of the zygote.
Learn about the vitelline layer: The vitelline layer is a protective structure surrounding the egg. After fertilization, it undergoes changes to prevent polyspermy (the entry of multiple sperm).
Recognize the importance of preventing polyspermy: If more than one sperm enters the egg, it can lead to an abnormal number of chromosomes, disrupting the development of the embryo.
Explore the mechanism: After the sperm penetrates the egg, cortical granules inside the egg release enzymes that modify the vitelline layer, creating a fertilization envelope that blocks additional sperm.
Match the correct answer to the biological function: Based on the explanation, the separation of the vitelline layer is crucial for preventing more than one sperm from entering the egg, ensuring proper zygote formation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Fertilization Process

Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell successfully penetrates an egg cell, leading to the formation of a zygote. This event triggers a series of biochemical changes in the egg, including the hardening of the vitelline layer, which is crucial for preventing polyspermy, the entry of multiple sperm into the egg.
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Vitelline Layer

The vitelline layer is a protective membrane surrounding the egg that plays a critical role during fertilization. After a sperm penetrates the egg, the vitelline layer undergoes changes to become impenetrable to additional sperm, ensuring that only one sperm fertilizes the egg, which is essential for normal embryonic development.
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Polyspermy Prevention

Polyspermy prevention is a vital mechanism that ensures only one sperm fertilizes an egg. This is achieved through the rapid changes in the egg's membrane and the vitelline layer after fertilization, which block the entry of any additional sperm. This process is crucial for maintaining the correct genetic balance in the resulting zygote.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
This graph plots the rise and fall of pituitary and ovarian hormones during the human ovarian cycle. Identify each hormone (A–D) and the reproductive events with which each one is associated (P–S). For A–D, choose from estrogen, LH, FSH, and progesterone. For P–S, choose from ovulation, growth of follicle, menstruation, and development of corpus luteum. How would the right-hand side of this graph be altered if pregnancy occurred? What other hormone is responsible for triggering this change?

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Textbook Question

Match each function with the correct structure.


2. Turns into the corpus luteum

3. Female gonad

4. Site of spermatogenesis

5. Site of fertilization in humans

6. Site of human gestation

7. Sperm duct

8. Secretes seminal fluid

9. Lining of uterus


a. vas deferens

b. prostate gland

c. endometrium

d. testis

e. follicle

f. uterus

g. ovary

h. oviduct

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Textbook Question

In an experiment, a researcher colored a bit of tissue on the ­outside of a frog gastrula with an orange fluorescent dye. The embryo developed normally. When the tadpole was placed under an ultraviolet light, which of the following glowed bright orange? (Explain your answer.)

a. The heart

b. The pancreas

c. The brain

d. The stomach

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Textbook Question

How does a zygote differ from a mature egg?

a. A zygote has more chromosomes.

b. A zygote is smaller.

c. A zygote consists of more than one cell.

d. A zygote divides by meiosis.

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Textbook Question

A woman had several miscarriages. Her doctor suspected that a hormonal insufficiency was causing the lining of the uterus to break down, as it does during menstruation, terminating her pregnancies. Treatment with which of the following might help her remain pregnant?

a. Oxytocin

b. Follicle-stimulating hormone

c. Luteinizing hormone

d. Prolactin

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