Textbook Question
Identify at least two events in the cell cycle that must be completed successfully for daughter cells to share an identical complement of chromosomes.
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Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle
Freeman7th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9783584863285
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life11
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life10
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function11
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells10
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation16
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis14
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions14
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle12
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis13
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene32
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair8
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work35
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria19
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes17
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers23
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution13
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection17
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea17
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes19
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants18
- Ch. 29 - Fungi19
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals20
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals19
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function16
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development18
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology16
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology16
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology16
Chapter 12, Problem 7
The following statements are about the control of chromatin condensation. Select True or False for each.T/F Reducing histone acetylase activity is likely to decrease gene transcription.T/F Mutations that reduce the number of positively charged amino acids on histones should promote open chromatin.T/F Chromatin remodeling complexes add chemical groups to histones.T/F Adding an inhibitor of DNA methylation is likely to reduce gene transcription.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the role of histone acetylase in chromatin structure: Histone acetylase enzymes add acetyl groups to histones, which reduces the positive charge on histones, leading to a less compact chromatin structure and promoting gene transcription.
Analyze the effect of mutations on histone charge: Understand that histones are positively charged due to the presence of amino acids like lysine and arginine. Mutations that reduce these positively charged amino acids would decrease the histone's ability to bind tightly with the negatively charged DNA, potentially leading to a more open chromatin structure.
Understand the function of chromatin remodeling complexes: Chromatin remodeling complexes are responsible for changing the position of DNA wrapped around histones. They do not typically add chemical groups to histones; instead, they physically move the nucleosomes to make certain areas of DNA more accessible for transcription.
Examine the role of DNA methylation in gene transcription: DNA methylation typically acts to repress gene transcription by adding methyl groups to DNA, particularly at cytosine bases. This modification generally leads to a more closed chromatin structure, inhibiting the binding of transcription machinery to the DNA.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Histone Acetylation and Gene Transcription
Histone acetylation is a process where acetyl groups are added to histone proteins, leading to a more relaxed chromatin structure. This relaxation allows for easier access of transcription machinery to DNA, thereby promoting gene transcription. Conversely, reducing histone acetylase activity would likely result in increased histone acetylation, leading to tighter chromatin and decreased transcription.
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Histone Acetylation
Histone Charge and Chromatin Structure
Histones are positively charged proteins that bind to negatively charged DNA, helping to package it into chromatin. Mutations that reduce the number of positively charged amino acids on histones can weaken this interaction, promoting a more open chromatin structure. Open chromatin is associated with active transcription, as it allows easier access for transcription factors and RNA polymerase.
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Chromatin Remodeling Complexes
Chromatin remodeling complexes are multi-protein assemblies that alter the structure of chromatin, facilitating access to DNA. They do not add chemical groups to histones; instead, they reposition or evict nucleosomes to expose DNA regions for transcription. This process is crucial for regulating gene expression and is distinct from the addition of chemical modifications like methylation or acetylation.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What evidence suggests that during anaphase, kinetochore microtubules shorten at the kinetochore?
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Textbook Question
What evidence suggests that during anaphase, kinetochore microtubules shorten at the kinetochore?
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Textbook Question
Compare and contrast the effects of removing growth factors from asynchronous cultures of human cells that are normal and those that are cancerous.
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Textbook Question
A particular cell type spends 4 hours in G1 phase, 2 hours in S-phase, 2 hours in G2 phase, and 30 minutes in M-phase. If a pulse-chase experiment were performed with radioactive thymidine on an asynchronous culture of such cells, what percentage of mitotic cells would be radiolabeled 9 hours after the pulse?
a. 0 percent
b. 50 percent
c. 75 percent
d. 100 percent
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Textbook Question
When a fruit fly embryo first begins to develop, a large cell is generated that contains over 8000 genetically identical nuclei. What is most likely responsible for this result?
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