Textbook Question
Unlike plant cell walls that contain cellulose, bacterial cell walls are composed of ___________.
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Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea
Freeman7th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9783584863285
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life11
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life10
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function11
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells10
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation16
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis14
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions14
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle12
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis13
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene32
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair8
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work35
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria19
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes17
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers23
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution13
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection17
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea17
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes19
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants18
- Ch. 29 - Fungi19
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals20
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals19
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function16
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development18
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology16
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology16
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology16
Chapter 26, Problem 5
What has metagenomic analysis allowed researchers to do for the first time?a. sample organisms from an environment and grow them under defined conditions in the labb. isolate organisms from an environment and sequence their entire genomec. study organisms that cannot be cultured (grown in the lab)d. identify important morphological differences among species
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of metagenomics: Metagenomics is a field of genetics that involves the analysis of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples.
Recognize the traditional limitations in microbiology: Traditionally, many microorganisms could not be studied because they could not be cultured or grown in laboratory conditions.
Identify what metagenomics bypasses: Metagenomics allows researchers to bypass the need for culturing by extracting and examining DNA from environmental samples.
Connect metagenomics to the study of unculturable organisms: This technique enables the study of the genetic material of organisms that have not been cultured or are unculturable.
Choose the correct answer based on the understanding of metagenomics: Since metagenomics allows for the study of organisms directly from environmental samples without the need for culturing, the correct answer is the one that reflects this capability.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Metagenomics
Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. This approach allows researchers to analyze the collective genomes of microorganisms in a specific habitat without the need for culturing them in the lab. It has revolutionized our understanding of microbial diversity and function in various ecosystems.
Culture-Independent Techniques
Culture-independent techniques refer to methods that allow scientists to study microorganisms without the need to grow them in laboratory conditions. This is crucial because many microorganisms are difficult or impossible to culture, leading to a significant gap in our understanding of microbial communities. Metagenomic analysis is a prime example of such techniques.
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Environmental Sampling
Environmental sampling involves collecting samples from various ecosystems to study the organisms present in those environments. This process is essential for metagenomic analysis, as it provides the raw genetic material needed to identify and characterize microbial communities. It enables researchers to explore biodiversity and ecological interactions in situ.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Evaluate these statements about Koch's postulates, which are used to establish a causative link between a specific microbe and a specific disease. Select True or False for each statement.
T/FThe microbe must be present in individuals suffering from the disease and absent from healthy individuals.
T/FThe microbe must be isolated and grown in pure culture.
T/FIf organisms from the pure culture are injected into a healthy experimental animal, the disease symptoms should appear.
T/FThe microbe does not have to be isolated from the experimental animal as long as the disease is present.
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Textbook Question
What has metagenomic analysis allowed researchers to do for the first time? a. sample organisms from an environment and grow them under defined conditions in the lab b. isolate organisms from an environment and sequence their entire genome c. study organisms that cannot be cultured (grown in the lab) d. identify important morphological differences among species
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Textbook Question
Biologists often use the term 'energy source' as a synonym for 'electron donor.' Why?
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Textbook Question
The text claims that the evolution of an oxygen-rich atmosphere paved the way for increasingly efficient cellular respiration and higher growth rates in organisms. Explain.
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Textbook Question
Streptococcus mutans obtains energy by oxidizing sucrose. This bacterium is abundant in the mouths of Western European and North American children and is a prominent cause of cavities. The organism is virtually absent in children from East Africa, where tooth decay is rare. Propose a hypothesis to explain this observation. Outline the design of a study that would test your hypothesis.
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