Which of the following uses statistical or judgmental methods to predict future shortages or surpluses of human resources?

Step 3: Recognize that 'Human resource forecasting' is a process specifically designed to predict future human resource needs, using both statistical and judgmental methods. It involves analyzing trends in employment, turnover, and organizational growth to anticipate staffing requirements.

Step 4: Contrast this with the other options: 'Job analysis' focuses on identifying the responsibilities and requirements of specific roles, 'Recruitment' involves attracting and hiring candidates, and 'Performance appraisal' evaluates employee performance. None of these directly involve forecasting future shortages or surpluses.