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Intro to Stats definitions

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  • Statistics
    Branch of science focused on collecting and analyzing data to inform decisions about groups.
  • Data
    Information gathered through counting, measuring, or recording responses from individuals or objects.
  • Population
    Entire group of individuals or items of interest from which data could be collected.
  • Sample
    Subset of a population selected for analysis to draw conclusions about the whole group.
  • Parameter
    Single value summarizing a characteristic of an entire population, such as an average.
  • Statistic
    Single value summarizing a characteristic of a sample, used to estimate population features.
  • Qualitative Data
    Information described by attributes, labels, or categories, not suitable for arithmetic operations.
  • Quantitative Data
    Information represented by numerical values, allowing for mathematical calculations.
  • Discrete Variable
    Numerical value that can only take specific, countable outcomes, such as whole numbers.
  • Continuous Variable
    Numerical value that can be subdivided infinitely, including decimals and fractions.
  • Attribute
    Characteristic or quality used to describe or categorize qualitative data.
  • Measurement
    Process of assigning numbers to characteristics, often resulting in quantitative data.
  • Count
    Total number of occurrences or items, typically associated with discrete variables.
  • Category
    Group or class used to organize qualitative data based on shared attributes.