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Two Means - Unknown Variances Hypothesis Test - Excel definitions

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  • Null Hypothesis
    Assumes no difference exists between two population means, serving as the default claim in hypothesis testing.
  • Alternative Hypothesis
    Represents the claim being tested, suggesting a difference or specific relationship between two population means.
  • Population Mean
    The average value of a variable for an entire group being studied, often denoted by the Greek letter mu.
  • Alpha Level
    The threshold probability, often set at 0.05, used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.
  • P-value
    The probability of observing data as extreme as the sample, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
  • T.TEST Function
    An Excel tool that calculates the p-value for comparing two sample means, streamlining hypothesis testing.
  • Array
    A set of data values selected in Excel, representing one sample in the hypothesis test.
  • Tails
    Specifies whether the hypothesis test is one-tailed or two-tailed, affecting how probabilities are calculated.
  • Type
    An input in Excel's T.TEST function indicating the kind of two-sample t-test to perform.
  • One-tailed Test
    A hypothesis test that examines if one mean is specifically greater or less than the other.
  • Two-tailed Test
    A hypothesis test that checks for any difference between two means, regardless of direction.
  • Paired Test
    A special t-test comparing means from related or matched samples, not used in the regular two-sample test.
  • Pooled Test
    A special t-test assuming equal variances in both groups, distinct from the regular two-sample test.
  • Statistical Inference
    The process of drawing conclusions about populations based on sample data and probability.
  • A/B Test
    A practical application of hypothesis testing, comparing two versions to determine which performs better.