Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of using descriptive statistics in business decision-making?

Accepted Answer

To summarize and present data in a meaningful way using numerical and graphical methods.

Question 2

A company wants to compare the average sales between two independent branches. Which statistical test should be used if the population variances are unknown but assumed equal?

Accepted Answer

Pooled variance t-test

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?

Accepted Answer

Variance

Question 4

A histogram is most useful for displaying which type of data?

Accepted Answer

Continuous numerical data

Question 5

If a dataset is highly skewed to the right, which measure of central tendency is most likely to be greater than the others?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Question 6

Which formula correctly represents the standard deviation of a population?

Accepted Answer

$$\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{\sum (x_i - \mu)^2$}{N}}$$

Question 7

A business analyst wants to estimate the proportion of customers who prefer a new product. Which distribution should be used to construct a confidence interval for this proportion?

Accepted Answer

Normal distribution

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the Central Limit Theorem is correct?

Accepted Answer

It states that the sampling distribution of the sample mean approaches normality as sample size increases, regardless of the population's distribution.

Question 9

A company tests whether a new training program increases employee productivity. The null hypothesis is that the mean productivity is unchanged. What is a Type I error in this context?

Accepted Answer

Concluding the training program increases productivity when it actually does not.

Question 10

Which formula is used to calculate the confidence interval for a population mean when the population standard deviation is known?

Accepted Answer

$$\bar{x} \pm z_{\alpha/2} \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}$$

Question 11

A business wants to model the number of customer arrivals per hour at a service desk. Which probability distribution is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Poisson distribution

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of a 95% confidence interval for a population mean?

Accepted Answer

If we repeat the sampling process many times, about 95% of the calculated intervals will contain the true population mean.

Question 13

Which test is appropriate for comparing the means of more than two independent groups?

Accepted Answer

One-way ANOVA

Question 14

In simple linear regression, what does the slope coefficient represent?

Accepted Answer

The change in the dependent variable for a one-unit increase in the independent variable.

Question 15

A business analyst uses SPSS to analyze sales data. Which of the following is a key advantage of using SPSS for statistical analysis?

Accepted Answer

It automates complex statistical procedures and provides clear output for interpretation.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for the test statistic in a one-sample z-test for the mean?

Accepted Answer

$$z = \frac{\bar{x} - \mu_0$}{\sigma / \sqrt{n}}$$

Question 17

A company wants to test if the proportion of defective products is less than 5%. Which is the correct null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

$$H_0$$: p = 0.05$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a key assumption of the simple linear regression model?

Accepted Answer

The errors (residuals) are independent and normally distributed with constant variance.

Question 19

A business wants to compare the variances of two production processes. Which test should be used?

Accepted Answer

F-test for the ratio of two variances

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a Type II error?

Accepted Answer

Failing to reject a false null hypothesis.

QMS210: Applied Statistics for Business – Course Syllabus and Study Guide

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