Textbook Question
9–16. Divergence Test Use the Divergence Test to determine whether the following series diverge or state that the test is inconclusive.
∑ (k = 0 to ∞) k / (2k + 1)
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14. Sequences & Series
Series
3:49 minutesProblem 10.3.83
Textbook Question
72–86. Evaluating series Evaluate each series or state that it diverges.
∑ (k = 1 to ∞) ((1/3) × (5/6)ᵏ + (3/5) × (7/9)ᵏ)
Verified step by step guidance1
Recognize that the given series is a sum of two separate infinite series: \( \sum_{k=1}^\infty \left( \frac{1}{3} \times \left( \frac{5}{6} \right)^k + \frac{3}{5} \times \left( \frac{7}{9} \right)^k \right) = \sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{1}{3} \left( \frac{5}{6} \right)^k + \sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{3}{5} \left( \frac{7}{9} \right)^k \).
Identify each series as a geometric series of the form \( \sum_{k=1}^\infty ar^k \), where \(a\) is the coefficient and \(r\) is the common ratio. For the first series, \(a = \frac{1}{3}\) and \(r = \frac{5}{6}\). For the second series, \(a = \frac{3}{5}\) and \(r = \frac{7}{9}\).
Check the convergence of each geometric series by verifying if the absolute value of the common ratio \( |r| < 1 \). Since \( \frac{5}{6} < 1 \) and \( \frac{7}{9} < 1 \), both series converge.
Use the formula for the sum of an infinite geometric series starting at \(k=1\): \[ S = \frac{ar}{1 - r} \]. Apply this formula to each series separately.
Calculate the sum of the original series by adding the sums of the two geometric series: \[ S_{total} = \frac{\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{5}{6}}{1 - \frac{5}{6}} + \frac{\frac{3}{5} \times \frac{7}{9}}{1 - \frac{7}{9}} \].
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Video duration:
3mKey Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Infinite Geometric Series
An infinite geometric series is a sum of terms where each term is a constant multiple (common ratio) of the previous one. It converges if the absolute value of the common ratio is less than 1, and its sum can be found using the formula S = a / (1 - r), where a is the first term and r is the common ratio.
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Geometric Series
Convergence and Divergence of Series
A series converges if the sequence of its partial sums approaches a finite limit; otherwise, it diverges. For geometric series, convergence depends on the common ratio's magnitude. Understanding convergence is essential to determine whether the series sum exists or not.
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Linearity of Series Summation
The sum of a series that is a sum of two series equals the sum of each series separately. This property allows breaking down complex series into simpler parts, evaluating each independently, and then combining the results to find the total sum.
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