Textbook Question
22–36. Derivatives Find the derivatives of the following functions.
f(x) = ln sech x
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6. Derivatives of Inverse, Exponential, & Logarithmic Functions
Derivatives of Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
4:33 minutesProblem 7.3.35
Textbook Question
22–36. Derivatives Find the derivatives of the following functions.
f(x) = x sinh⁻¹ x − √(x² + 1)
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Step 1: Recognize that the function f(x) = x sinh⁻¹(x) − √(x² + 1) involves the inverse hyperbolic sine function (sinh⁻¹(x)) and a square root term. To find the derivative, we will apply the product rule, chain rule, and the derivative of inverse hyperbolic functions.
Step 2: Recall the derivative of sinh⁻¹(x), which is d/dx [sinh⁻¹(x)] = 1 / √(x² + 1). Also, recall the derivative of √(x² + 1), which is d/dx [√(x² + 1)] = (1 / (2√(x² + 1))) * d/dx [x² + 1] = x / √(x² + 1).
Step 3: Apply the product rule to the term x sinh⁻¹(x). The product rule states that d/dx [u(x)v(x)] = u'(x)v(x) + u(x)v'(x). Here, u(x) = x and v(x) = sinh⁻¹(x). Compute u'(x) = 1 and v'(x) = 1 / √(x² + 1). Substitute these into the product rule.
Step 4: Differentiate the second term, −√(x² + 1), using the chain rule. As derived earlier, the derivative of √(x² + 1) is x / √(x² + 1). Therefore, the derivative of −√(x² + 1) is −x / √(x² + 1).
Step 5: Combine all the results. The derivative of f(x) is f'(x) = [1 * sinh⁻¹(x) + x * (1 / √(x² + 1))] − (x / √(x² + 1)). Simplify the expression to get the final derivative.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Derivatives
A derivative represents the rate of change of a function with respect to its variable. It is a fundamental concept in calculus that provides information about the slope of the tangent line to the function's graph at any given point. The derivative can be computed using various rules, such as the power rule, product rule, and chain rule, depending on the form of the function.
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Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
The inverse hyperbolic sine function, denoted as sinh⁻¹(x), is the inverse of the hyperbolic sine function. It is defined for all real numbers and is useful in calculus for finding derivatives and integrals involving hyperbolic functions. Understanding how to differentiate inverse hyperbolic functions is essential for solving problems that involve them.
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Square Root Function
The square root function, represented as √(x² + 1), is a common mathematical function that returns the non-negative square root of its argument. When differentiating this function, the chain rule is often applied, as it involves a composition of functions. Recognizing how to handle square roots in differentiation is crucial for accurately finding derivatives of more complex expressions.
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