Table of contents

1. Overview of Cell Biology2h 49m
2. Chemical Components of Cells1h 14m
3. Energy1h 33m
4. DNA, Chromosomes, and Genomes2h 31m
5. DNA to RNA to Protein2h 31m
6. Proteins1h 36m
7. Gene Expression1h 42m
8. Membrane Structure1h 4m
- The Lipid Bilayer
  38m
- Membrane Proteins
  25m
9. Transport Across Membranes1h 52m
10. Anerobic Respiration1h 5m
11. Aerobic Respiration1h 11m
12. Photosynthesis52m
13. Intracellular Protein Transport2h 18m
14. Cell Signaling1h 28m
15. Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement1h 39m
16. Cell Division3h 5m
17. Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction50m
18. Cell Junctions and Tissues48m
19. Stem Cells13m
- Stem Cells
  13m
20. Cancer44m
21. The Immune System1h 6m
22. Techniques in Cell Biology1h 41m

14. Cell Signaling

Overview of Cell Surface Receptors

Cell Biology

14. Cell Signaling

Overview of Cell Surface Receptors

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Multiple Choice

Which type of cell surface receptor is most directly associated with the activation of second messenger molecules inside the cell?

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)

Integrins

Receptor tyrosine kinases

Ligand-gated ion channels

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of cell surface receptors: Cell surface receptors are proteins located on the plasma membrane that bind to extracellular signaling molecules (ligands) and initiate intracellular signaling cascades. Different types of receptors have distinct mechanisms of action.

Define second messengers: Second messengers are small intracellular molecules (e.g., cAMP, IP3, Ca²⁺) that amplify and propagate signals from the receptor to target molecules within the cell.

Analyze the function of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): GPCRs are a class of receptors that, upon ligand binding, activate G proteins. These G proteins then interact with enzymes or ion channels to generate second messengers such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) or inositol trisphosphate (IP3).

Compare other receptor types: Integrins are involved in cell adhesion and signaling but do not directly activate second messengers. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) activate signaling pathways through phosphorylation cascades, and ligand-gated ion channels allow ion flow but do not directly involve second messengers.

Conclude that GPCRs are most directly associated with the activation of second messenger molecules, as their primary function is to link extracellular signals to intracellular second messenger production.