Table of contents

1. Overview of Cell Biology2h 49m
2. Chemical Components of Cells1h 14m
3. Energy1h 33m
4. DNA, Chromosomes, and Genomes2h 31m
5. DNA to RNA to Protein2h 31m
6. Proteins1h 36m
7. Gene Expression1h 42m
8. Membrane Structure1h 4m
- The Lipid Bilayer
  38m
- Membrane Proteins
  25m
9. Transport Across Membranes1h 52m
10. Anerobic Respiration1h 5m
11. Aerobic Respiration1h 11m
12. Photosynthesis52m
13. Intracellular Protein Transport2h 18m
14. Cell Signaling1h 28m
15. Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement1h 39m
16. Cell Division3h 5m
17. Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction50m
18. Cell Junctions and Tissues48m
19. Stem Cells13m
- Stem Cells
  13m
20. Cancer44m
21. The Immune System1h 6m
22. Techniques in Cell Biology1h 41m

14. Cell Signaling

Overview of Cell Surface Receptors

Cell Biology

14. Cell Signaling

Overview of Cell Surface Receptors

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following hormone categories requires G-protein-coupled receptors to activate enzymes inside a cell?

Steroid hormones

Thyroid hormones

Vitamin D hormones

Peptide hormones

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): These receptors are membrane-bound proteins that transmit signals from extracellular molecules (ligands) to intracellular pathways. They are commonly associated with activating enzymes like adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C.

Review the characteristics of peptide hormones: Peptide hormones are water-soluble and cannot pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. Instead, they bind to receptors on the cell surface, such as GPCRs, to initiate a signaling cascade.

Contrast peptide hormones with other hormone categories: Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, and vitamin D hormones are lipid-soluble. They typically pass through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors, directly influencing gene expression rather than using GPCRs.

Connect peptide hormones to GPCR activation: When peptide hormones bind to GPCRs, the receptor undergoes a conformational change, activating an associated G-protein. This G-protein then activates or inhibits specific enzymes inside the cell, leading to a cellular response.

Conclude that peptide hormones are the correct answer: Based on their mechanism of action, peptide hormones require GPCRs to activate enzymes inside the cell, unlike the other hormone categories listed.