Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true?
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1. Overview of Cell Biology
Viruses
Multiple Choice
In the context of viruses, why does a virus need a host cell to replicate?
A
Because viral genomes cannot be replicated unless they are first converted into host chromosomes by meiosis.
B
Because viruses must obtain a nucleus from the host cell in order to form their capsid proteins.
C
Because viruses need host cell mitochondria to directly translate viral mRNA into protein inside the mitochondria.
D
Because it lacks the cellular machinery (e.g., ribosomes, ATP-generating pathways, and many enzymes) needed to synthesize viral proteins and copy its genome independently.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that viruses are acellular entities, meaning they do not have the full cellular machinery required for independent life processes such as metabolism and protein synthesis.
Recognize that viral genomes, which can be DNA or RNA, cannot replicate on their own because viruses lack essential components like ribosomes, enzymes, and energy-producing organelles.
Identify that host cells provide the necessary machinery, including ribosomes for protein synthesis, enzymes for genome replication, and ATP for energy, which viruses hijack to reproduce.
Note that the virus injects its genetic material into the host cell, and the host's cellular machinery reads the viral genome to produce viral proteins and replicate the viral genome.
Conclude that without a host cell, viruses cannot carry out the processes needed to make new virus particles, which is why they depend on host cells for replication.
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