Multiple Choice
In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is primarily responsible for sequestering and degrading cellular waste and macromolecules?
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13. Intracellular Protein Transport
Lysosomal and Degradation Pathways
Multiple Choice
In eukaryotic cells, which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is primarily responsible for breaking down ingested food particles and worn-out cellular components?
A
Golgi apparatus
B
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C
Mitochondrion
D
Lysosome
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the function of each organelle listed in the problem. The Golgi apparatus is mainly involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.
Step 2: Recognize that the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins, especially those destined for membranes or secretion, due to the presence of ribosomes on its surface.
Step 3: Recall that mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration, and are not involved in breaking down cellular components.
Step 4: Identify that lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes capable of digesting macromolecules, old organelles, and ingested particles, making them the cell's digestive system.
Step 5: Conclude that the organelle responsible for breaking down ingested food particles and worn-out cellular components is the lysosome.
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