Multiple Choice
In eukaryotic cells, which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is primarily responsible for breaking down ingested food particles and worn-out cellular components?
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13. Intracellular Protein Transport
Lysosomal and Degradation Pathways
Multiple Choice
In eukaryotic cells, what is the primary function of a lysosome?
A
To generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation across the inner membrane
B
To replicate and package chromosomal DNA during the cell cycle
C
To synthesize proteins for secretion and membrane insertion on ribosome-studded membranes
D
To degrade macromolecules and worn-out organelles using acid hydrolases, recycling their components
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the organelle in question: the lysosome, which is a membrane-bound structure found in eukaryotic cells.
Recall the primary function of lysosomes, which is to break down various types of biological macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Understand that lysosomes contain acid hydrolase enzymes that function optimally at acidic pH to degrade worn-out organelles and macromolecules, facilitating cellular recycling.
Differentiate lysosomes from other organelles by their role: unlike mitochondria (which generate ATP), the nucleus (which replicates DNA), or the rough endoplasmic reticulum (which synthesizes proteins), lysosomes specialize in degradation and recycling.
Conclude that the primary function of lysosomes is to degrade macromolecules and worn-out organelles using acid hydrolases, thereby recycling their components within the cell.
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