Multiple Choice
In eukaryotic cells, what is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)?
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13. Intracellular Protein Transport
ER Processing and Transport
Multiple Choice
In eukaryotic cells, what is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)?
A
Modify, sort, and package proteins into vesicles for delivery to lysosomes or the plasma membrane
B
Synthesize and begin processing proteins destined for secretion, insertion into membranes, or delivery to the endomembrane system
C
Carry out most phospholipid and steroid synthesis and detoxification reactions
D
Generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation across the inner membrane
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER). It is characterized by the presence of ribosomes attached to its cytoplasmic surface, which gives it a 'rough' appearance under a microscope.
Step 2: Recognize the role of ribosomes on the rough ER. These ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, specifically for proteins that are destined to be secreted from the cell, inserted into cellular membranes, or sent to other organelles within the endomembrane system.
Step 3: Identify the primary function of the rough ER as the synthesis and initial processing of these proteins. This includes folding, modification (such as glycosylation), and quality control to ensure proper protein structure.
Step 4: Differentiate the rough ER from other organelles and regions of the cell. For example, the smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification, while mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Step 5: Conclude that the rough ER's main function is to synthesize and begin processing proteins destined for secretion, membrane insertion, or delivery to the endomembrane system, which aligns with the correct answer provided.
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