Multiple Choice
In eukaryotic cells, what is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)?
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13. Intracellular Protein Transport
ER Processing and Transport
Multiple Choice
In the context of ER processing and transport, what is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)?
A
It synthesizes and begins processing proteins destined for secretion, insertion into membranes, or delivery to lysosomes.
B
It produces ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in the inner membrane.
C
It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for export from the cell.
D
It carries out most cellular lipid and steroid synthesis and detoxifies drugs.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) by recalling its defining feature: the presence of ribosomes on its surface, which are responsible for protein synthesis.
Step 2: Recognize that the rough ER is primarily involved in synthesizing proteins that are destined for secretion outside the cell, insertion into cellular membranes, or delivery to lysosomes.
Step 3: Differentiate the rough ER from other organelles by noting that it begins the processing of these proteins immediately after synthesis, such as folding and initial modifications.
Step 4: Contrast the rough ER's function with other organelles: for example, ATP production occurs in mitochondria, protein sorting and packaging mainly happen in the Golgi apparatus, and lipid synthesis and detoxification are functions of the smooth ER.
Step 5: Conclude that the primary function of the rough ER is to synthesize and start processing proteins destined for secretion, membrane insertion, or lysosomal delivery.
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