Multiple Choice
In the context of control of the cell cycle, what does the G0 phase represent?
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16. Cell Division
Control of the Cell Cycle
Multiple Choice
In the context of control of the cell cycle, what is the primary role of cell-cycle checkpoints (e.g., G1/S, G2/M, and the spindle assembly checkpoint)?
A
They ensure cytokinesis occurs by synthesizing new plasma membrane and cell wall material at the cleavage furrow.
B
They generate ATP required for mitotic spindle movement by increasing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation during M phase.
C
They monitor key conditions (DNA integrity, completion of replication, and proper chromosome attachment) and can delay progression to allow repair or prevent division when errors are detected.
D
They directly catalyze DNA replication by functioning as DNA polymerases at replication forks.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that cell-cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms that ensure the proper progression of the cell cycle by monitoring critical cellular events.
Recognize the main checkpoints: G1/S checkpoint checks for DNA damage before replication; G2/M checkpoint ensures DNA replication is complete and undamaged before mitosis; spindle assembly checkpoint verifies proper chromosome attachment to the spindle before anaphase.
Know that these checkpoints do not perform physical tasks like synthesizing membrane or catalyzing DNA replication, but instead act as surveillance systems.
Realize that when errors or damage are detected, checkpoints can delay the cell cycle progression to allow time for repair or, if damage is irreparable, trigger cell cycle arrest or apoptosis.
Conclude that the primary role of cell-cycle checkpoints is to maintain genomic integrity by monitoring DNA integrity, replication completion, and chromosome attachment, thereby preventing the division of cells with errors.
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