Multiple Choice
In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins during translation?
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5. DNA to RNA to Protein
Translation
Multiple Choice
In the context of translation, what is the primary function of the ribosome in a cell?
A
It synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template during transcription.
B
It attaches amino acids to their corresponding tRNAs (aminoacylation).
C
It catalyzes peptide bond formation and moves along mRNA to synthesize a polypeptide.
D
It transports newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the process of translation, which is the synthesis of proteins from an mRNA template.
Step 2: Recall that the ribosome is the molecular machine responsible for reading the mRNA sequence and assembling amino acids into a polypeptide chain.
Step 3: Recognize that the ribosome catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, linking them together to form a growing protein.
Step 4: Note that the ribosome moves along the mRNA strand, reading codons sequentially to ensure the correct order of amino acids is incorporated.
Step 5: Differentiate the ribosome's role from other processes such as transcription (mRNA synthesis), aminoacylation (tRNA charging), and protein transport, which are carried out by other cellular components.
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