Multiple Choice
Which organelle is primarily responsible for translation (protein synthesis) in cells?
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5. DNA to RNA to Protein
Translation
Multiple Choice
In a eukaryotic cell, where does translation (protein synthesis from mRNA) primarily take place?
A
On ribosomes in the cytoplasm, including ribosomes bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
B
In the nucleus on chromatin during transcription
C
In the Golgi apparatus where proteins are modified and sorted
D
Inside lysosomes where macromolecules are degraded
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the process of translation: Translation is the synthesis of proteins from messenger RNA (mRNA). It involves decoding the mRNA sequence to build a polypeptide chain of amino acids.
Recall the cellular locations involved in gene expression: Transcription occurs in the nucleus where DNA is transcribed into mRNA, while translation occurs where ribosomes are located.
Identify where ribosomes are found in a eukaryotic cell: Ribosomes can be free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Both locations are sites of protein synthesis.
Eliminate incorrect options based on their functions: The nucleus is the site of transcription, not translation; the Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts proteins after synthesis; lysosomes degrade macromolecules and do not synthesize proteins.
Conclude that translation primarily takes place on ribosomes in the cytoplasm, including those bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where the mRNA is translated into protein.
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