Let and . Find each of the following. See Example 1.
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Understand that (ƒg)(x) means the composition of functions ƒ and g, which is ƒ(g(x)). This means you first apply g to x, then apply ƒ to the result.
Start by finding g(-3) by substituting -3 into the function g(x) = -2x + 6. Write the expression: \(g(-3) = -2(-3) + 6\).
Simplify the expression for g(-3) to find the value that will be input into ƒ. This involves multiplying and adding the numbers inside the parentheses.
Next, substitute the value found for g(-3) into the function ƒ(x) = x^2 + 3. Write the expression: \(ƒ(g(-3)) = (g(-3))^2 + 3\).
Finally, simplify the expression by squaring the value of g(-3) and then adding 3 to find the value of (ƒg)(-3).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Function Composition
Function composition involves applying one function to the result of another, denoted as (ƒg)(x) = ƒ(g(x)). It means you first evaluate g at x, then use that output as the input for ƒ. This concept is essential for understanding how to combine functions and evaluate them at specific values.
Evaluating a function at a given input means substituting the input value into the function's formula and simplifying to find the output. For example, to find g(-3), replace x with -3 in g(x) = -2x + 6 and simplify. This step is crucial before composing functions.
ƒ(x) = x² + 3 is a polynomial function, and g(x) = -2x + 6 is a linear function. Understanding their forms helps in correctly substituting and simplifying expressions during evaluation and composition. Recognizing these types aids in anticipating the behavior and complexity of the functions.