Textbook Question
Which of the following in each pair is likely to be more soluble in water: (b) propionic acid (CH3CH2COOH) or sodium propionate (CH3CH2COONa)
14. Solutions
Solutions: Solubility and Intermolecular Forces
Multiple Choice
In which of the following solutions are the solute and solvent attracted to each other through hydrogen bonding that is absent in the pure solute?
A
Methylethylketone dissolved in water
B
Butanoic acid dissolved in water
C
Potassium bromide dissolved in methanol
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the types of intermolecular forces present in each solute and solvent. Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.
Examine methylethylketone (MEK) and water: MEK has a carbonyl group (C=O) which can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, as water has hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen.
Consider butanoic acid and water: Butanoic acid has a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) which can form hydrogen bonds with water, as both have hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen.
Analyze potassium bromide (KBr) and methanol: KBr is an ionic compound and does not form hydrogen bonds. Methanol can form hydrogen bonds, but KBr's dissolution involves ion-dipole interactions rather than hydrogen bonding.
Conclude that methylethylketone and butanoic acid in water involve hydrogen bonding that is absent in the pure solute, while potassium bromide in methanol does not involve hydrogen bonding.
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