Open Question
As the intermolecular attractive forces between molecules increase in magnitude, do you expect each of the following to increase or decrease in magnitude? (b) heat of vaporization,
14. Solutions
Solutions: Solubility and Intermolecular Forces
Multiple Choice
Which property of water makes it mix well with most solutes?
A
High molecular weight
B
Nonpolar nature
C
Low boiling point
D
High polarity
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of polarity: Polarity refers to the distribution of electrical charge around atoms, molecules, or chemical groups. A polar molecule has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side.
Recognize the structure of water: Water (H₂O) is a polar molecule because it has a bent shape and an uneven distribution of electrons. The oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, creating a partial negative charge near the oxygen and a partial positive charge near the hydrogens.
Identify how polarity affects solubility: Polar solvents, like water, are effective at dissolving other polar substances due to the attraction between opposite charges. This is known as 'like dissolves like,' meaning polar solvents dissolve polar solutes well.
Consider the role of hydrogen bonding: Water's polarity allows it to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules, which is a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction. This enhances its ability to dissolve many substances.
Conclude why high polarity is the correct answer: Water's high polarity is the key property that enables it to mix well with most solutes, especially those that are polar or ionic, due to the strong interactions between water molecules and solute particles.
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