Multiple Choice
Is the molecule PCl_3 polar or nonpolar?
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13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Molecular Polarity
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Which of the following electron arrangements would most likely result in a nonpolar molecule?
A
A molecule with polar bonds arranged asymmetrically
B
A symmetrical distribution of electron density around the central atom
C
A molecule with different atoms bonded to the central atom in a bent shape
D
An asymmetrical distribution of electron density with lone pairs on the central atom
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that molecular polarity depends on both the polarity of individual bonds and the overall shape (geometry) of the molecule, which affects how bond dipoles combine.
Recall that polar bonds occur when there is a difference in electronegativity between bonded atoms, creating bond dipoles.
Recognize that if these polar bonds are arranged symmetrically around the central atom, their dipoles can cancel out, resulting in a nonpolar molecule despite having polar bonds.
Identify that asymmetrical arrangements, such as bent shapes or molecules with lone pairs causing uneven electron distribution, usually lead to a net dipole moment, making the molecule polar.
Conclude that the electron arrangement most likely to result in a nonpolar molecule is one with a symmetrical distribution of electron density around the central atom, as this allows bond dipoles to cancel each other.
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