Multiple Choice
How many valence electrons are present in a neutral atom of boron?
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10. Periodic Properties of the Elements
Valence Electrons of Elements
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Which of the following statements best describes the number of valence (outer-shell) electrons in a typical transition metal ion?
A
Transition metal ions typically have variable numbers of valence electrons, often including both 4s and 3d electrons.
B
Transition metal ions have no valence electrons because their outer shells are empty.
C
Transition metal ions always have 8 valence electrons, similar to noble gases.
D
Transition metal ions usually have 2 valence electrons from the 4s orbital.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that transition metals are elements found in the d-block of the periodic table, characterized by having electrons in both the 4s and 3d orbitals.
Recall that valence electrons are the electrons involved in chemical bonding, typically those in the outermost shell or subshells.
Recognize that for transition metals, the 4s electrons are generally lost first when forming ions, but the 3d electrons can also be involved, leading to variable numbers of valence electrons.
Note that unlike main group elements, transition metal ions do not have a fixed number of valence electrons; their valence electron count can change depending on the ion's charge and the specific element.
Conclude that the best description is that transition metal ions typically have variable numbers of valence electrons, often including both 4s and 3d electrons, reflecting their complex electron configurations.
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