Table of contents

1. Intro to General Chemistry3h 48m
2. Atoms & Elements4h 16m
3. Chemical Reactions4h 10m
4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions48m
6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions3h 53m
7. Gases3h 49m
8. Thermochemistry2h 37m
9. Quantum Mechanics2h 58m
10. Periodic Properties of the Elements3h 9m
11. Bonding & Molecular Structure3h 29m
12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory1h 57m
13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces2h 23m
14. Solutions3h 1m
15. Chemical Kinetics2h 53m
16. Chemical Equilibrium2h 29m
17. Acid and Base Equilibrium5h 1m
18. Aqueous Equilibrium4h 47m
19. Chemical Thermodynamics1h 50m
20. Electrochemistry2h 42m
21. Nuclear Chemistry2h 36m
22. Organic Chemistry5h 7m
23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals2h 39m
24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds3h 16m

10. Periodic Properties of the Elements

Valence Electrons of Elements

General Chemistry

10. Periodic Properties of the Elements

Valence Electrons of Elements

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the valence band and the conduction band in a solid?

The valence band and conduction band are identical and have no energy gap between them in all materials.

The valence band is the highest range of electron energies where electrons are normally present at absolute zero, while the conduction band is the range of energies higher than the valence band where electrons are free to move and conduct electricity.

The valence band contains only protons, while the conduction band contains only neutrons.

The valence band is always empty, while the conduction band is always completely filled with electrons.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand that in solid-state physics, electrons occupy energy levels grouped into bands rather than discrete levels as in isolated atoms.

Recognize that the valence band is the highest energy band that is normally filled with electrons at absolute zero temperature; these electrons are bound to atoms and do not contribute to electrical conductivity.

Know that the conduction band is the energy band immediately above the valence band, which is typically empty at absolute zero but can be occupied by electrons when they gain enough energy.

Realize that electrons in the conduction band are free to move throughout the solid, allowing them to conduct electric current.

Note that the energy gap between the valence band and conduction band (called the band gap) determines the electrical properties of the material, such as whether it behaves as a conductor, semiconductor, or insulator.