Multiple Choice
Typical human stomach acid has a pH around 1–2. Approximately what is the hydronium ion concentration, , for a pH of 1.5?
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17. Acid and Base Equilibrium
The pH Scale
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Ammonium thioglycolate (often used in hair relaxers) is basic. Which pH range best matches ammonium thioglycolate relaxers?
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Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, where pH values below 7 indicate acidic solutions, pH 7 is neutral, and pH values above 7 indicate basic (alkaline) solutions.
Recognize that ammonium thioglycolate is described as basic, meaning its pH must be greater than 7.
Review the given pH ranges and identify which ranges correspond to basic conditions: 9–10 and 13–14 are basic, while 5–6 and 1–2 are acidic.
Consider the typical pH range for hair relaxers, which are usually mildly to moderately basic to effectively break disulfide bonds in hair without causing excessive damage; extremely high pH values (like 13–14) are generally too harsh for this purpose.
Conclude that the pH range best matching ammonium thioglycolate relaxers is the mildly basic range of 9–10.
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