Multiple Choice
How many valence electrons does beryllium (Be) have?
3
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10. Periodic Properties of the Elements
Valence Electrons of Elements
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In which electron shell are the valence electrons of gallium (Ga) located?
A
Fifth shell (n = 5)
B
Fourth shell (n = 4)
C
Second shell (n = 2)
D
Third shell (n = 3)
Verified step by step guidance1
Recall that the valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost electron shell of an atom, which participate in chemical bonding.
Determine the electron configuration of gallium (Ga), which has an atomic number of 31, meaning it has 31 electrons.
Write the electron configuration by filling orbitals in order of increasing energy: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, etc.
Identify the highest principal quantum number (n) in the electron configuration, which corresponds to the outermost shell containing valence electrons.
Conclude that the valence electrons of gallium are located in the shell with principal quantum number n = 4, the fourth shell.
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