Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement

McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145Not the one you use?Change textbook

McMurry 8th Edition

Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement

Problem 119b

Chapter 1, Problem 119b

The element gallium (Ga) has the second-largest liquid range of any element, melting at 29.78 °C and boiling at 2204 °C at atmospheric pressure. (b) Assume that you construct a thermometer using gallium as the fluid instead of mercury and that you define the melting point of gallium as 0 °G and the boiling point of gallium as 1000 °G. What is the melting point of sodium chloride (801 °C) on the gallium scale?

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the melting and boiling points of gallium on the Celsius scale: melting point = 29.78 °C, boiling point = 2204 °C.

Set up the gallium temperature scale where 0 °G corresponds to 29.78 °C and 1000 °G corresponds to 2204 °C.

Calculate the range of temperatures on the Celsius scale that corresponds to the gallium scale: 2204 °C - 29.78 °C.

Determine the conversion factor from the Celsius scale to the gallium scale by dividing the range in °G by the range in °C.

Apply the conversion factor to the melting point of sodium chloride (801 °C) to find its equivalent on the gallium scale.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Melting and Boiling Points

Melting and boiling points are critical physical properties of substances that indicate the temperatures at which a solid becomes a liquid and a liquid becomes a gas, respectively. For gallium, the melting point is 29.78 °C and the boiling point is 2204 °C. These points are essential for understanding how to scale temperatures in a thermometer using gallium as the fluid.

Temperature Scales

Temperature scales are systems for measuring temperature, with Celsius and Fahrenheit being the most common. In this scenario, a new scale is defined where gallium's melting point is set to 0 °G and its boiling point to 1000 °G. Understanding how to convert temperatures between different scales is crucial for determining the melting point of sodium chloride on the gallium scale.

Linear Interpolation

Linear interpolation is a mathematical method used to estimate unknown values that fall within a range of known values. In this case, to find the melting point of sodium chloride on the gallium scale, one can use the known melting and boiling points of gallium to create a linear relationship. This technique allows for the conversion of sodium chloride's temperature from Celsius to the defined gallium scale.

Related Practice

Textbook Question

The Rankine temperature scale used in engineering is to the Fahrenheit scale as the Kelvin scale is to the Celsius scale. That is, 1 Rankine degree is the same size as 1 Fahrenheit degree, and 0 °R = absolute zero. (a) What temperature corresponds to the freezing point of water on the Rankine scale?

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Textbook Question

The element gallium (Ga) has the second-largest liquid range of any element, melting at 29.78 °C and boiling at 2204 °C at atmospheric pressure. (a) What is the density of gallium in g/cm3 at 25 °C if a 1 in. cube has a mass of 0.2133 lb?

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Textbook Question

An 8.894 g block of aluminum was pressed into a thin square of foil with 36.5 cm edge lengths. (a) If the density of Al is 2.699 g>cm3, how thick is the foil in centimeters?

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Textbook Question

Ocean currents are measured in Sverdrups (sv) where 1 sv = 109 m3/s. The Gulf Stream off the tip of Florida, for instance, has a flow of 35 sv. (b) What mass of water in the Gulf Stream flows past a given point in 24 hours? The density of seawater is 1.025 g/mL.

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Textbook Question

Ocean currents are measured in Sverdrups (sv) where 1 sv = 109 m3/s. The Gulf Stream off the tip of Florida, for instance, has a flow of 35 sv. (c) How much time is required for 1 petaliter (PL; 1 PL = 10¹⁵ L) of seawater to flow past a given point?

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