Q: A woman has been alive for 26.5 years. How many hours has she lived? (Use 1 year = 365 days, 1 day = 24 hours)

$$26.5 \times 365 \times 24 = 232,000$$ hours

Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for percent error?

$$\frac{\lvert \text{Accepted} - \text{Measured} \rvert}{\text{Accepted}} \times 100$$

Q: Which of the following is a correct example of a conversion factor?

$$\frac{12\ \text{inches}}{1\ \text{foot}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a theory in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a prediction based on prior knowledge, while a theory is an explanation for a phenomenon that has been repeatedly confirmed by observation and experiment.

Question 2

A student measures the length of a table three times and records the values: 1.23 m, 1.24 m, and 1.22 m. The actual length is 1.50 m. Which statement best describes the accuracy and precision of these measurements?

Accepted Answer

The measurements are precise but not accurate.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a systematic error?

Accepted Answer

A scale that is improperly zeroed, causing all mass measurements to be off by 5 grams.

Question 4

How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.03040 kg?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 5

A student adds the following numbers: 3.5670, 10.304, and 2.33. What is the correct answer, rounded according to the rules for significant figures?

Accepted Answer

$$16.20$$

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct scientific notation for the number 0.000000574?

Accepted Answer

$$5.74 	imes 10$$^{-7}$$

Question 7

A woman has been alive for 26.5 years. How many hours has she lived? (Use 1 year = 365 days, 1 day = 24 hours)

Accepted Answer

$$26.5 	imes 365 	imes 24 = 232,000$$ hours

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct SI prefix and symbol for $$10^{-3}$$?

Accepted Answer

milli-, m

Question 9

A measurement is recorded as $$1.37 \pm 0.05 cm. $$What does the $$\pm 0.05$$ represent?

Accepted Answer

The uncertainty in the measurement, indicating the range within which the true value is expected to lie.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a base SI unit?

Accepted Answer

Liter (L)

Question 11

When multiplying $$2.79 (3 $$sig figs) by $$0.056 (2 $$sig figs), how many significant figures should the answer have?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of a control group in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a reference to compare the effects of the experimental variable.

Question 13

A student wants to test the effect of room temperature on how many hours people sleep. What is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

Room temperature

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for percent error?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{\lvert 	ext{Accepted} - 	ext{Measured} vert}{	ext{Accepted}} 	imes 100$$

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for the standard deviation of a set of $$N$$ measurements $$x_i$$ with mean $$\overline{x}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} (x_i - \overline{x})^2$}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a conversion factor?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{12\ 	ext{inches}}{1\ 	ext{foot}}$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the 'textbook' scientific method is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Not all steps must be completed in the exact order; real scientific inquiry is often more flexible.

Question 18

Which of the following numbers has 3 significant figures?

Accepted Answer

0.0304

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct order of magnitude for the prefix 'nano-'?

Accepted Answer

$$10^{-9}$$

Foundations of Scientific Measurement and the Scientific Method in Chemistry

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