Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement

Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition

Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook

Brown 14th Edition

Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement

Problem 65c

Chapter 1, Problem 65c

Classify each of the following as a pure substance, a solution, or a heterogeneous mixture: (c) stainless steel.

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Understand the definitions: A pure substance has a uniform and definite composition, a solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, and a heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition.

Identify the components of stainless steel: It is an alloy primarily composed of iron, carbon, and chromium, among other elements.

Determine the uniformity: Stainless steel has a uniform composition throughout, meaning its components are evenly distributed.

Classify based on uniformity: Since stainless steel has a uniform composition, it is not a heterogeneous mixture.

Classify based on composition: Stainless steel is a homogeneous mixture of metals, making it a solution (specifically, a solid solution).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Pure Substance

A pure substance consists of a single type of particle and has a uniform and definite composition. It can be an element, like gold, or a compound, like water. Pure substances have consistent properties throughout, such as boiling and melting points, which do not change regardless of the sample size.

Solution

A solution is a homogeneous mixture where one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another (the solvent). Solutions have a uniform composition and properties throughout, meaning that any sample taken from the solution will have the same ratio of solute to solvent. Common examples include saltwater and sugar dissolved in tea.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A heterogeneous mixture contains two or more substances that remain physically separate and can be distinguished from one another. The composition is not uniform, and different samples may have different proportions of the components. Examples include salad, sand and salt mixture, or a bowl of mixed nuts.

Related Practice

Textbook Question

Gold can be hammered into extremely thin sheets called gold leaf. An architect wants to cover a 30 m x 25 m ceiling with gold leaf that is twelve-millionths of a centimeter thick. The density of gold is 19.32 g/cm³, and gold costs \$1654 per troy ounce (1 troy ounce = 31.1034768 g). How much will it cost the architect to buy the necessary gold?

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Textbook Question

Classify each of the following as a pure substance, a solution, or a heterogeneous mixture: (a) a leaf (b) a 999 gold bar

A copper refinery produces a copper ingot weighing 70 kg. If the copper is drawn into wire whose diameter is 7.50 mm, how many meters of copper can be obtained from the ingot? The density of copper is 8.94 g/cm³. (Assume that the wire is a cylinder whose volume V = πr²h, where r is its radius and h is its height or length.)

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Textbook Question

(b) A(n) _________ reliably predicts the behavior of matter, while a(n) _________ provides an explanation for that behavior.

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Textbook Question

Two students determine the percentage of lead in a sample as a laboratory exercise. The true percentage is 22.52%. The students’ results for three determinations are as follows: (1) 22.52, 22.48, 22.54 (2) 22.64, 22.58, 22.62 (a) Calculate the average percentage for each set of data and state which set is the more accurate based on the average.

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Textbook Question

What type of quantity (for example, length, volume, density) do the following units indicate? (f) ms^-1

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